Paroli, M. & Sirinian, M. I. When autoantibodies are missing: the challenge of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. Antibodies 12, 69 (2023).
Google Scholar
Myasoedova, E., Davis, J., Matteson, E. L. & Crowson, C. S. Is the epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis changing? Results from a population-based incidence study, 1985–2014. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 79, 440–444 (2020).
Google Scholar
Matthijssen, X. M. E., Huizinga, T. W. J. & van der Helm-van Mil, A. H. M. Increasing incidence of autoantibody-negative RA is replicated and is partly explained by an aging population. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 81, e69 (2022).
Google Scholar
Soussi, B. G. et al. Incidence of seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis in Denmark: a nationwide population-based study. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 53, 316–324 (2024).
Google Scholar
Muilu, P. et al. Increasing incidence and shifting profile of idiopathic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in adults during this millennium. Clin. Rheumatol. 38, 555–562 (2019).
Google Scholar
Paalanen, K., Puolakka, K., Nikiphorou, E., Hannonen, P. & Sokka, T. Is seronegative rheumatoid arthritis true rheumatoid arthritis? A nationwide cohort study. Rheumatology 60, 2391–2395 (2021).
Google Scholar
Paalanen, K. et al. Does early seronegative arthritis develop into rheumatoid arthritis? A 10-year observational study. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 37, 37–43 (2019).
Google Scholar
Barra, L. et al. Prognosis of seronegative patients in a large prospective cohort of patients with early inflammatory arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 41, 2361–2369 (2014).
Google Scholar
Matthijssen, X. M. E., Niemantsverdriet, E., Huizinga, T. W. J. & van der Helm-van Mil, A. H. M. Enhanced treatment strategies and distinct disease outcomes among autoantibody-positive and -negative rheumatoid arthritis patients over 25 years: a longitudinal cohort study in the Netherlands. PLoS Med. 17, e1003296 (2020).
Google Scholar
Coffey, C. M., Crowson, C. S., Myasoedova, E., Matteson, E. L. & Davis, J. M. 3rd. Evidence of diagnostic and treatment delay in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis: missing the window of opportunity. Mayo Clin. Proc. 94, 2241–2248 (2019).
Google Scholar
